翻转课堂结合PBL在预防医学教学中的应用探讨

目的探讨翻转课堂结合PBL教学模式对预防医学教学的影响,为医学教育方法改革提供参考依据。方法选取平顶山学院医学院2015级护理学专业2个班142名学生为研究对象。采用随机整群抽样的方法,把研究对象分为实验组和对照组。实验组采用翻转课堂结合PBL教学法,对照组采用传统的教学方法。对两组学生的教学结果进行统计分析。结果实验组的期末考试成绩平均分为(84.86±7.46)分,与对照组(73.59±9.23分)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);实验组期末考试成绩≥80的学生占80.28%,与对照组(22.53%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);实验组学生对教学模式、提高学生主动性、提高学习兴趣、提高参与意识的满意度分别为95.77%、94.37%、97.18%、95.77%,与对照组(73.24%、71.83%、70.42%、69.04%)比较差异均具有统计学意义(均为P<0.001)。结论翻转课堂结合PBL教学模式有利于提高学生的学习成绩,提高学生的满意度。     

Aberrantly Methylated cfDNA in Body Fluids as a Promising Diagnostic Tool for Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Breast malignancies are the leading type of cancer among women. Its prevention and early detection, particularly in young women, remains challenging. To this end, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) detected in body fluids demonstrates great potential for early detection of tissue transformation and altered molecular setup, such as epigenetic profiles. Aberrantly methylated cfDNA in body fluids could therefore serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool in breast cancer management. Abnormal methylation may lead to both an activation of oncogenes via hypomethylation and an inactivation of tumor suppressor genes by hypermethylation. We update the state of the art in the area of aberrant cfDNA methylation analyses as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in breast cancer, report on the main technological challenges, and provide an outlook for advancing the overall management of breast malignancies based on cfDNA as a target for diagnosis and tailored therapies.     

Nutrition in pregnancy

Many pregnant women rely on their health professional for nutrition information during routine antenatal visits. This review offers information to assist health professionals with advising pregnant women of the important nutrition considerations during pregnancy. The roles of some of the key nutrients are discussed, including folic acid, iodine, iron, calcium, and vitamin D. Recommendations for each of the key nutrients are covered and examples of how these can be achieved are presented. The review also details additional nutritional considerations that should be discussed during antenatal consults, including energy balance and weight gain recommendations, the importance of food safety during pregnancy, the recommended safe levels of consumption of vitamin A, caffeine, and fish, and the importance of abstaining from alcohol. Educating and supporting women during pregnancy to make healthy food choices to fulfil their needs and the needs of their growing fetus, will help to promote a healthy start to life.     

我国东部地区结节性痒疹患者中医体质类型分布规律

目的探讨我国东部地区结节性痒疹患者中医体质类型的分布特点。方法采用病例对照设计方法,选取120例结节性痒疹患者作为病例组,120例健康体检者作为对照组,参照《中医体质分类与判定表》进行中医体质类型调查,分析其分布规律。结果结节性痒疹患者年龄(41.58±16.27)岁,性别男女比例约1∶1.2,体质类型分布前四位的是湿热质23例、血瘀质20例、气郁质19例、特禀质13例;健康体检者体质类型分布前四位的是平和质33例、气虚质19例、阳虚质14例、痰湿质13例;与对照组相比,病例组偏颇体质明显增多(P<0.01),2组体质构成比亦有显著性差异(P<0.01),其中湿热质、气郁质、血瘀质、特禀质较对照组转化分增加(P<0.05)。结论结节性痒疹的发病与湿热质、血瘀质、气郁质、特禀质偏颇体质类型密切相关。     

中医院校预防医学课程思政的教学改革和实践

“课程思政”是当前高等教学中加强大学生思想政治教育的主要途径之一。本文通过探索中医院校“预防医学”课程思政的建设,从教学内容、教学方法、教学团队建设、考核方式四个方面论述了专业知识传授和思政教育育人的有机融合,在教学中实施“知识传授”与“价值引领”同向同行,培养德术兼备的“卓越医生”。     

预防医学专业本科生对实施导师制的需求调查

目的了解预防医学专业本科生对导师制的需求情况,从而为预防医学本科生导师制的有效实施提供信息依据。方法采用问卷调查法对内蒙古医科大学304名大一至大五年级预防医学专业本科生进行调查,并进行相关统计分析。结果本科生对导师制的需求比例为80.3%,对本科生导师制了解较多的学生比例仅为17.4%;86.5%的学生希望在课程学业及考研方面获得导师的指导,90.1%的学生对导师指导内容的需求为科研及其他实践能力方面的锻炼。结论预防医学专业本科生对导师制需求较高但了解较少,学生对自身能力提升的需求是多方面的。为保障本科生导师制的有效实施,应加大本科生导师制的宣传力度,并从学生实际需求出发制定导师制实施方案,并重视相关保障制度的制定。     

“治未病”理念应用于腰椎间盘突出症的健康管理

本文基于"治未病"思想,探讨中医防治腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation,LIDH)健康管理模式,为LIDH防治管理提供参考依据。"治未病"思想是中医预防医学的精髓与核心,以中医"治未病"思想为指导,从未病先防、既病防变、瘥后防复等多方面探讨LIDH的防治策略,建立具有中国特色、符合中国国情的健康管理体系,探索新的中医预防治疗管理模式,对LIDH进行有效的健康管理,意义重大。     

腹腔镜胃肠道患者手术中发生压力性损伤的影响因素分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤的影响因素。方法选择2016年10月至2019年5月于本院行腹腔镜胃肠道手术治疗的214例患者作为观察对象,回顾性分析患者临床资料,统计压力性损伤发生率,经logistic回归分析法分析腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤发生危险因素。结果214例行腹腔镜胃肠道手术治疗患者术中并发压力性损伤26例,发生率是12.15%,包括1期压力性损伤19例、2期压力性损伤2例、深部组织损伤5例;单因素分析:腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤发生和患者术中体位移动、呼吸方式、受压部位皮肤状况、手术时间存在相关性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤发生和患者性别、年龄、BMI指数、吸烟史、应用类固醇药物无相关性,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素logistic回归分析:患者术中体位移动(OR=1.594)、呼吸方式(OR=2.765)、受压部位皮肤异常(OR=3.452)、手术时间≥1 h(OR=1.234)为腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤发生独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜胃肠道手术患者术中存在一定压力性损伤发生危险性,而患者术中体位移动、呼吸方式、受压部位皮肤异常、手术时间≥1h是导致腹腔镜胃肠道手术中压力性损伤发生独立危险因素,故需进一步制定有针对性的应对策略,避免压力性损伤发生,确保患者生命健康。